2.7.2 Spectral Experiment II
1. |
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2. |
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Hydrogen lamp |
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Spectrum of the hydrogen lamp |
Photo 1: |
The photo shows a hydrogen lamp. Hydrogen molecules in the lamp are
dissociated into excited hydrogen atoms using an electron ray. The molecules
then give up their energy of excitation in the form of electromagnetic
radiation. Some of this electromagnetic radiation lies in the area of visible
light. |
Photo 2: |
The hydrogen lamp does not produce a continuous spectrum, in contrast
to the Wolfram lamp depicted in Experiment 2.7.1. Rather, it produces discreet
lines. Four of these spectral lines are in the range of visible light.
The rest lie in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. Out of the four present
in the visible light area, red appears the brightest, which is why the
hydrogen lamp appears red to the naked eye. |
The spectrum shown here is part of the so-called Balmer series, whose regularity
was discovered by the Swiss teacher Johann Jakob Balmer at the end of the
19th century from experiments. The general relation according to which
all lines of the hydrogen spectrum can be construction, was discovered
by the Swedish spectroscoper Johannes Rydberg. The formula he discovered
can be used to calculate the frequency of all the emission lines of hydrogen:
,
,
n=whole number, n2 > n1
(For the Balmer series, n2=2)
The Balmer series and the Rydberg formula were an important basis for
the construction of the Bohr model of the atom.
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