10.5.2 Different Freezing Mixtures

1. Ice water and sodium chloride 2. Ice water and hydrous calcium chloride
Ice water and sodium chloride Ice water and hydrous calcium chloride
3. Aceton and dry ice 4. Diethyl ether and dry ice
Acetone and dry ice Diethyl ether and dry ice

Photo1: Ice water/sodium chloride is the standard laboratory freezing mixture. It is possible to reach temperatures of - 20 °C with this mixture.
Photo2: Even lower temperatures can be reached with a freezing mixture of ice water/hydrous calcium chloride. According to the literature, temperatures as low as - 55 °C can be obtained using this mixture. However, we were unable to reach such temperatures even after repeated tries.
Photo3: It takes more of an effort to reach lower temperatures. One can go as low as - 78 °C using a combination of acetone and dry ice. 
Photo4: Even lower temperatures can be realized using a combination of diethyl ether/dry ice. The literature says temperatures down to - 100 °C can be reached using this mixture. However, we were unable to reach this even after multiple experiments. This mixture, as well as  the calcium chloride/dry ice combination, is most likely highly dependent upon the relative proportion of the reactants.

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